NEPHROLOGY
REVIEW THE FOLLOWING ITEMS FOR EACH DISEASE 1. MANAGEMENT 2. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 3. DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS 4. UNDERLYING PATHOLOGY KIDNEY: 1. Vascular Disorders a. Hypertension b. Scleroderma, Polyarteritis nodosa c. Renal artery stenosis, renal vascular thrombosis 2. Tubulointerstitial Disorders a. Fanconi’s syndrome b. Renal tubular acidosis - I, II, IV c. Papillary necrosis d. Cystic disorders 3. Primary Glomerular Disorders a. Nephritic vs Nephrotic b. Minimal Change c. Focal segmental GN d. Membranous (SLE, chronic inf.) e. Proliferative glomerulonephritis post-infectious GN IgA nephropathy membranoproliferative GN rapidly progressive GN 4. Secondary Glomerular Diseases a. SLE b. Diabetes mellitus c. Vasculitis (Goodpastures) d. Amyloidosis 5. Pyelonephritis: acute vs chronic 6. Renal insufficiency and failure a. Acute vs chronic b. Prerenal, renal, and postrenal c. Discuss: azotemia, uremia URINARY TRACT: 1. Prostate cancer vs BPH 2. Urinary tract infections a. Dysuria b. Hematuria c. Pyuria 3. Urolithiasis 4. Ureteral reflux ACID/BASE COMPENSATION 1. Metabolic vs respiratory 2. Anion gap vs non-anion gap FLUID & ELECTROLYTES 1. Sodium 2. Potassium 3. Calcium 4. Magnesium 5. Diabetes Insipidus a. Central b. Peripheral 6. Psychogenic polydipsia
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