Learning Objectives

Department of Ophthalmology

Alan Axelrod, MD
Department Chair

Alan Axelrod, MD
Department Chair

Taking and recording a visual acuity – what do the numerator and denominator in the visual acuity “fraction” represent? Distance vs. near visual acuity.
Checking the pupillary reflexes. Afferent pupillary defect-what is it? What is its significance?
Which cranial nerves (name and number) innervate the extraocular muscles? Which muscles move the eyes into the cardinal positions of gaze?
Anatomy of the eye
Cornea, sclera, conjunctiva, iris, pupil, anterior chamber, posterior chamber,
crystalline lens, vitreous, retina, optic nerve.
Causes of red eye
Diagnosis and treatment of corneal abrasions
Eye findings in diabetes
Diabetic retinopathy – background/exudative, proliferative
Findings in hypertensive retinopathy
Typical visual field findings in various entities – glaucoma, stroke, pituitary tumor, optic neuritis
Migraine-ophthalmic manifestations
Open angle glaucoma-criteria for diagnosis, what is a ‘normal’ intraocular pressure?
Open angle glaucoma, angle closure glaucoma, acute angle closure glaucoma, combined mechanism glaucoma (features of both open and closed). How do we treat glaucoma?
Strabismus-what is it? What to do about it?
Amblyopia-concept and therapy
What drops are used for dilating the pupils? How do they work?
What are the possible complications of using topical steroids?